Abstract
BACKGROUND/CONTEXT
Lumbar surgery is one of the interventions performed for patients with degenerative
conditions.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the effect of pain management education on pain intensity,
anxiety, and disability after the lumbar surgery.
STUDY DESIGN/SETTING
This randomized controlled trial was performed on 70 30-65-year-old patients with
lumbar canal stenosis and lumbar disc herniation from 2018 to 2019.
PATIENT SAMPLE
Seventy participants were randomly divided into a control and an intervention group
by a randomized block design. Participants in the intervention group received in-person
pain management training twice a week for seven 60-90-minute sessions.
OUTCOME MEASURES
All participants in the two groups completed the study instruments (numeric rating
scale [NRS], Oswestery disability index [ODI], and pain anxiety symptoms scale [PASS])
before, immediately after, and 3 months after the study.
METHODS
Participants in the intervention group received in-person pain management training
twice a week for seven 60-90-minute sessions. To analyze the treatment effects, repeated-measures
multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and effect sizes were used where appropriate
and calculated by Partial ɳ2. Clinical outcome (MDC) for pain intensity and PASS was also reported. For participants
lost to follow-up, we also used an “intention-to-treat” (ITT) approach.
RESULTS
The results of MANOVA indicated that there were significant differences between the
two groups on ratings of pain intensity, anxiety, and disability. According to the
MDC, the mean differences of pain intensity for the intervention group was also clinically
improved. Meanwhile, the mean differences in pain anxiety between three different
times in the two groups were not above the MDC (20.14), suggesting that the clinical
improvements were not significant. The results were confirmed for all outcome measures;
a statistically significant difference was found between the groups in ITT analyses
(p<.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Physical and psychological pain management education was shown to be effective in
decreasing pain intensity, anxiety, and disability. This strategy may be beneficial
for such patients. Variables such as smoking behavior, past history of psychological
disorders, and previous surgeries should be considered in future studies.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 31, 2023
Accepted:
January 23,
2023
Received in revised form:
January 22,
2023
Received:
August 18,
2022
Footnotes
FDA device/drug status: Not applicable.
Author disclosures: MS: Nothing to disclose. MZ: Nothing to disclose. AJ: Nothing to disclose. KE: Nothing to disclose. AD: Nothing to disclose.
The Corresponding author of this manuscript is Dr. Azita Jaberi, and contribution of the authors as mentioned below with their responsibility in the research. The order of authors would be as follows:
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
