The Spine Journal
Volume 10, Issue 6 , Pages 497-504 , June 2010

Three-dimensional dynamic in vivo motion of the cervical spine: assessment of measurement accuracy and preliminary findings

  • Colin P. McDonald, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Blvd, E&R 2015, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. Tel.: (313) 916-2130; fax: (313) 916-8812.
    • ,
  • Casey C. Bachison, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
    • ,
  • Victor Chang, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
    • ,
  • Stephen W. Bartol, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
    • ,
  • Michael J. Bey, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Bone and Joint Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA

Received 5 October 2009 ,Revised 18 January 2010 ,Accepted 18 February 2010.

References 

  1. Syed FI, Oza AL, Vanderby R, et al. A method to measure cervical spine motion over extended periods of time. Spine. 2007;32:2092–2098
  2. Walmsley RP, Kimber P, Culham E. The effect of initial head position on active cervical axial rotation range of motion in two age populations. Spine. 1996;21:2435–2442
  3. Fuller DA, Kirkpatrick JS, Emery SE, et al. A kinematic study of the cervical spine before and after segmental arthrodesis. Spine. 1998;23:1649–1656
  4. Panjabi MM, Miura T, Cripton PA, et al. Development of a system for in vitro neck muscle force replication in whole cervical spine experiments. Spine. 2001;26:2214–2219
  5. Baba H, Furusawa N, Imura S, et al. Late radiographic findings after anterior cervical fusion for spondylotic myeloradiculopathy. Spine. 1993;18:2167–2173
  6. Dvorak J, Hayek J, Zehnder R. CT-functional diagnostics of the rotatory instability of the upper cervical spine. Part 2. An evaluation on healthy adults and patients with suspected instability. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1987;12:726–731
  7. Dvorak J, Froehlich D, Penning L, et al. Functional radiographic diagnosis of the cervical spine: flexion/extension. Spine. 1988;13:748–755
  8. Dvorak J, Panjabi MM, Novotny JE, et al. In vivo flexion/extension of the normal cervical spine. J Orthop Res. 1991;9:828–834
  9. Elsawaf A, Mastronardi L, Roperto R, et al. Effect of cervical dynamics on adjacent segment degeneration after anterior cervical fusion with cages. Neurosurg Rev. 2009;32:215–224
  10. Ishii T, Mukai Y, Hosono N, et al. Kinematics of the upper cervical spine in rotation: in vivo three-dimensional analysis. Spine. 2004;29:E139–E144
  11. Ishii T, Mukai Y, Hosono N, et al. Kinematics of the cervical spine in lateral bending: in vivo three-dimensional analysis. Spine. 2006;31:155–160
  12. Lin RM, Tsai KH, Chu LP, et al. Characteristics of sagittal vertebral alignment in flexion determined by dynamic radiographs of the cervical spine. Spine. 2001;26:256–261
  13. Miyazaki M, Hong SW, Yoon SH, et al. Kinematic analysis of the relationship between the grade of disc degeneration and motion unit of the cervical spine. Spine. 2008;33:187–193
  14. Simon S, Davis M, Odhner D, et al. CT imaging techniques for describing motions of the cervicothoracic junction and cervical spine during flexion, extension, and cervical traction. Spine. 2006;31:44–50
  15. Liu F, Cheng J, Komistek RD, et al. In vivo evaluation of dynamic characteristics of the normal, fused, and disc replacement cervical spines. Spine. 2007;32:2578–2584
  16. Morishita Y, Hida S, Miyazaki M, et al. The effects of the degenerative changes in the functional spinal unit on the kinematics of the cervical spine. Spine. 2008;33:E178–E182
  17. Anderst WJ, Vaidya R, Tashman S. A technique to measure three-dimensional in vivo rotation of fused and adjacent lumbar vertebrae. Spine J. 2008;8:991–997
  18. Wang S, Passias P, Li G, et al. Measurement of vertebral kinematics using noninvasive image matching method—validation and application. Spine. 2008;33:E355–E361
  19. Tashman S, Anderst W. In-vivo measurement of dynamic joint motion using high speed biplane radiography and CT: application to canine ACL deficiency. J Biomech Eng. 2003;125:238–245
  20. Bey MJ, Zauel R, Brock SK, et al. Validation of a new model-based tracking technique for measuring three-dimensional, in vivo glenohumeral joint kinematics. J Biomech Eng. 2006;128:604–609
  21. Stokes IA. Three-dimensional terminology of spinal deformity. A report presented to the Scoliosis Research Society by the Scoliosis Research Society Working Group on 3-D terminology of spinal deformity. Spine. 1994;19:236–248
  22. ASTM . Standard practice for use of the terms precision and bias in ASTM test methods. West Conshohocken: American Society for Testing and Materials; 1996;
  23. Anderst W, Zauel R, Bishop J, et al. Validation of three-dimensional model-based tibio-femoral tracking during running. Med Eng Phys. 2009;31:10–16
  24. Bey MJ, Kline SK, Tashman S, et al. Accuracy of biplane x-ray imaging combined with model-based tracking for measuring in-vivo patellofemoral joint motion. J Orthop Surg Res. 2008;3:38
  25. Aho A, Vartiainen O, Salo O. Segmentary antero-posterior mobility of the cervical spine. Ann Med Intern Fenn. 1955;44:287–299
  26. Bhalla SK, Simmons EH. Normal ranges of intervertebral-joint motion of the cervical spine. Can J Surg. 1969;12:181–187
  27. Holmes A, Wang C, Han ZH, et al. The range and nature of flexion-extension motion in the cervical spine. Spine. 1994;19:2505–2510
  28. Lind B, Sihlbom H, Nordwall A, et al. Normal range of motion of the cervical spine. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:692–695
  29. Mimura M, Moriya H, Watanabe T, et al. Three-dimensional motion analysis of the cervical spine with special reference to the axial rotation. Spine. 1989;14:1135–1139
  30. Penning L. Normal movements of the cervical spine. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1978;130:317–326
  31. Penning L, Wilmink JT. Rotation of the cervical spine. A CT study in normal subjects. Spine. 1987;12:732–738
  32. Banks SA, Hodge WA. Accurate measurement of three-dimensional knee replacement kinematics using single-plane fluoroscopy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1996;43:638–649
  33. Moro-oka TA, Hamai S, Miura H, et al. Can magnetic resonance imaging-derived bone models be used for accurate motion measurement with single-plane three-dimensional shape registration?. J Orthop Res. 2007;25:867–872

 FDA device/drug status: not applicable.

 Author disclosures: SWB (private investments, including venture capital, start-ups, ISS Spine; other office, Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation Medical Board of Trustees).

PII: S1529-9430(10)00129-4

doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2010.02.024

The Spine Journal
Volume 10, Issue 6 , Pages 497-504 , June 2010

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution