The Spine Journal
Volume 10, Issue 3 , Pages 230-237 , March 2010

Reference data for assessing widening between spinous processes in the cervical spine and the responsiveness of these measures to detecting abnormalities

Received 16 August 2009 ,Revised 13 October 2009 ,Accepted 25 December 2009.

References 

  1. Vaccaro AR, Hulbert RJ, Patel AA, et al. The subaxial cervical spine injury classification system: a novel approach to recognize the importance of morphology, neurology, and integrity of the disco-ligamentous complex. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32:2365–2374
  2. Goradia D, Linnau KF, Cohen WA, et al. Correlation of MR imaging findings with intraoperative findings after cervical spine trauma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28:209–215
  3. Reitman CA, Mauro KM, Nguyen L, et al. Intervertebral motion between flexion and extension in asymptomatic individuals. Spine. 2004;24:2832–2843
  4. Brown T, Reitman CA, Nguyen L, Hipp JA. Intervertebral motion after incremental damage to the posterior structures of the cervical spine. Spine. 2005;30:E503–E508
  5. Zhao KD, Yang C, Zhao C, et al. Assessment of noninvasive intervertebral motion measurements in the lumbar spine. J Biomechanics. 2005;38:1943–1946
  6. Kettler A, Rohlmann F, Neidlinger-Wilke C, et al. Validity and interobserver agreement of a new radiographic grading system for intervertebral disc degeneration: Part II. Cervical spine. Eur Spine J. 2006;15:732–741
  7. White AA, Johnson RM, Panjabi MM, Southwick WO. Biomechanical analysis of clinical stability in the cervical spine. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1975;109:85–96
  8. Bogduk N, Mercer S. Biomechanics of the cervical spine. I: Normal kinematics. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2000;15:633–648
  9. Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Serrao G, et al. Active range of motion of the head and cervical spine: a three-dimensional investigation in healthy young adults. J Orthop Res. 2002;20:122–129
  10. Frobin W, Leivseth G, Biggemann M, Brinckmann P. Sagittal plane segmental motion of the cervical spine. A new precision measurement protocol and normal motion data of healthy adults. Clin Biomech. 2002;17:21–31
  11. Lind B, Sihlbom H, Nordwall A, Malchau H. Normal range of motion of the cervical spine. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1989;70:692–695
  12. Kristjansson E, Leivseth G, Brinckmann P, Frobin W. Increased sagittal plane segmental motion in the lower cervical spine in women with chronic whiplash-associated disorders, grades I-II: a case-control study using a new measurement protocol. Spine. 2003;28:2215–2221
  13. Piche M, Benoit P, Lambert J, et al. Development of a computerized intervertebral motion analysis of the cervical spine for clinical application. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2007;30:38–43
  14. Naidich JB, Naidich TP, Garfein C, et al. The widened interspinous distance: a useful sign of anterior cervical dislocation in the supine frontal projection. Radiology. 1977;123:113–116
  15. Pennecot GF, Leonard P, Peyrot Des GS, et al. Traumatic ligamentous instability of the cervical spine in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1984;4:339–345
  16. Kuhns LR, Strouse PJ. Cervical spine standards for flexion radiograph interspinous distance ratios in children. Acad Radiol. 2000;7:615–619
  17. Penning L. Functional pathology of the cervical spine: radiographic studies of function and dysfunction in congenital disorders, cervical spondylosis and injuries. In: Penning L, ed. Functional radiographic examination. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1968;p. 1–27
  18. Cannada LK, Scherping SC, Yoo JU, et al. Pseudoarthrosis of the cervical spine: a comparison of radiographic diagnostic measures. Spine. 2003;28:46–51
  19. Chen J, Solinger AB, Poncet JF, Lantz CA. Meta-analysis of normative cervical motion. Spine. 1999;24:1571–1578
  20. Pennecot GF, Gouraud D, Hardy JR, Pouliquen JC. Roentgenographical study of the stability of the cervical spine in children. J Pediatr Orthop. 1984;4:346–352
  21. Subramanian N, Reitman CA, Nguyen L, Hipp JA. Radiographic assessment and quantitative motion analysis of the cervical spine after serial sectioning of the anterior ligamentous structures. Spine. 2007;32:518–526

 FDA device/drug status: not applicable.

 Author disclosures: JAH (stock ownership, including options and warrants, Medical Metrics, Inc., other office, Medical Metrics, Inc.; grants, DARPA).

PII: S1529-9430(10)00009-4

doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2009.12.025

The Spine Journal
Volume 10, Issue 3 , Pages 230-237 , March 2010