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Volume 9, Issue 1 , Pages 47-59 , January 2009

The Twin Spine Study: Contributions to a changing view of disc degeneration^†

Michele C. Battié, PhD
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Public Health, The Finnish Twin Cohort Study, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author. Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Corbett Hall 2-50, Edmonton, AB, T6 G 2G4 Canada. Tel.: (780) 492-5968; fax: (780) 492-1626.
Tapio Videman, MD, PhD
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Public Health, The Finnish Twin Cohort Study, University of Helsinki, Finland
Jaakko Kaprio, MD, PhD
- Department of Public Health, The Finnish Twin Cohort Study, University of Helsinki, Finland
Laura E. Gibbons, PhD
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Kevin Gill, MD
- Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
Hannu Manninen, MD, PhD
- Department of Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
Janna Saarela, MD, PhD
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Unit, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Leena Peltonen, MD, PhD
- National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Broad Institute, MIT, Harvard, Boston, MA, USA