The Spine Journal
Volume 6, Issue 1 , Pages 7-13 , January 2006

Direct current stimulation for spine fusion in a nicotine exposure model

  • John C. France, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
    • ,
  • Timothy L. Norman, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Engineering, Cedarville University, 251 North Main Street, Cedarville, OH 45314, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Department of Engineering, Cedarville University, 251 North Main Street, Cedarville, OH 45314. Tel.: (937) 766-3761; fax: (937) 766-7689.
    • ,
  • Matthew M. Buchanan, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
    • ,
  • Michael Scheel, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
    • ,
  • Michael Veale, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
    • ,
  • Elizabeth S. Ackerman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
    • ,
  • Nina B. Clovis

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
    • ,
  • Vincent L. Kish, ASEE

      Affiliations

    • Department of Orthopaedics, Musculoskeletal Research Center, West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA
    • ,
  • Bruce Simon, PhD

      Affiliations

    • EBI Medical Systems, 100 Interpace Parkway, Parsippany, NJ 07054, USA

Received 20 October 2004 ,Accepted 2 May 2005.

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 FDA device/drug status: not applicable.Support in whole or in part was received from the North American Spine Society (NASS), a non-profit organization. Author BS acknowledges a financial relationship (Director of Research, EBI Medical Systems), which may indirectly relate to the subject of this manuscript.

PII: S1529-9430(05)00695-9

doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2005.05.380

The Spine Journal
Volume 6, Issue 1 , Pages 7-13 , January 2006

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